method and apparatus for forming a striated filtration medium that has tapered streaks

专利摘要:
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE FORMATION OF STRIATED FILTRATION MEDIA THAT HAVE TUNED STRETCHES. It is a form of method that forms a striated filtration medium. The method includes the formation of a striated filtration medium that has a streak repeat pattern in which at least one streak in the streak repeat pattern comprises at least one crest in a streak period between the same adjacent side peaks, with the streaks show a tapered cross sectional area.
公开号:BR112012002409B1
申请号:R112012002409-4
申请日:2010-08-03
公开日:2020-11-10
发明作者:Ted A. Moe；Gregory J. Fesenmaier；Gary J. Rocklitz；Ming Ouyang；Anith M. Mathew
申请人:Donaldson Company, Inc；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

This application is being filed as an International PCT Patent application on August 3, 2010, on behalf of Donaldson Company, Inc., a National Company incorporated in the United States of America, Depositor for designation in all countries except United States of America, and Ted A. Moe, a US citizen, Depositor for designation in the United States of America only; Gregory J. Fesenmaier, an American citizen, Depositor for designation in the United States of America only; Gary J. Rocklitz, an American citizen, Depositor for designation in the United States of America only; Ming Ouyang, a US citizen, Depositor for designation in the United States of America only; and Anitha Mathew, a US citizen, Depositor for designation in the United States of America only; and claims priority for Provisional Patent Application U.S. Serial Number 61 / 231,009, filed on August 3, 2009, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for forming a striated filtration medium, a single faceted medium and filter media packages. BACKGROUND
Fluid streams, such as air and liquid, carry contaminating material in them, such as gaseous phase contaminants and liquid and solid particulates. In many instances, it is desired to filter some or all of the contaminating material from the fluid stream. For example, drafts for motor vehicle engines or power generation equipment, drafts and gas for gas turbine systems, drafts and gas for various combustion furnaces, and drafts and gas for exchangers heat sources (eg heating and air conditioning) carry particulate contaminants that must be filtered frequently. Liquid currents in engine lubrication systems, hydraulic systems, cooling systems and fuel systems can also carry contaminants that must be filtered out. It is preferred for such systems that the selected contaminant material is removed from (or reduced in) the fluid.
A variety of fluid filters (gas or liquid filters) have been developed to reduce contaminants. In general, however, continuous improvement is sought. An example of fluid filters that perform excellently in some deployments are filters that contain z medium. The z medium generally refers to a type of striated filter media element in which a fluid enters the striations on a first face of the media element and exits the streaks on a second face of the media element. In general, faces in the middle z are provided at opposite ends of the middle. The fluid enters through open streaks on one side and exits through open streaks on the other face in some modalities (such as for particulate filtration). At some point between the first face and the second face, the fluid moves from one groove to another groove to provide filtration.
The existing groove designs for the z medium, as well as the equipment to produce the grooves, are suitable for many deployments. However, improvements are still desired and are the subject of the present invention. SUMMARY
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for forming a striated filtration medium, a single faceting medium and filter media packages. The striated filtration medium may be provided as an air filtration medium, and may include a streak repeat pattern that has a striated blade with at least one crest provided in a streak period between adjacent peaks on the same side. The streak repeat pattern can include at least two ridges, at least three ridges, at least four ridges or more ridges between adjacent peaks on the same side. An exemplary form of the filtration medium can be characterized as the z medium.
In typical implantations, the striations are cuneiform so that the cross-sectional area of the striations varies along the length of the striation. In general, the filtration medium that is cuneiform can exhibit a first set of grooves that decrease in size from a first end of the medium to a second end of the medium, and a second set of grooves that increase in size from the first end of the medium to the second end of the middle. The filtration medium that is cuneiform can also exhibit a first set of grooves that decreases in size from a first middle end to an intermediate point in the middle and has a substantially constant size from the middle point in the middle to the second end of the medium . A second set of grooves can increase in size from the second middle end to the middle point in the middle and then have a substantially constant size from the middle point in the middle to the first middle end. In such configurations, the total pressure drop can be reduced through the filter, as the filter openings can be maximized upstream and downstream of the filter.
A method for forming the striated filtration medium is also provided according to the present invention. The method includes streaking a filtration medium to provide a medium that has a repeat streak pattern. In general, at least one streak in the streak repeat pattern comprises at least one ridge in a streak period between adjacent peaks on the same side. The streak repeat pattern may comprise at least one streak that has at least two ridges provided in a streak period between adjacent peaks on the same side. A ridge can be provided between adjacent peaks. The reference to a "ridge" refers to a line of intersection between portions of medium differently inclined between streak peaks. The reference to a “ridge” does not include streak peaks.
The method for forming the striated filtration medium may include a step of feeding the filtration medium through a bite formed by a first cylinder and a second cylinder to form the striated filtration medium. The first cylinder may include a plurality of projections of the first cylinder and a plurality of recesses of the first cylinder, wherein the first cylinder comprises about 30 to about 650 of projections of the first cylinder and about 30 to about 650 recesses of the first cylinder, where the first cylinder provides alternating projections of the first cylinder and recesses of the first cylinder. In general, at least one of the projections of the first cylinder includes at least two areas of medium contact separated by a relaxation area of the medium, wherein the contact areas of the middle of the first cylinder comprise a peak contact area configured to form an acute peak in the striated medium and a ridge contact area configured to form a ridge in the striated medium, the peak being the highest point of the striae and the ridge having a height less than the height of the peak, the contact area of peak and the ridge contact area providing a coining force between the second cylinder projections on the second cylinder. In some embodiments, at least one of the projections of the first cylinder comprises at least three areas of medium contact separated by areas of relaxation of the medium.
The second cylinder comprises a plurality of recesses of the second cylinder and projections of the second cylinder, wherein the second cylinder provides alternating recesses of the second cylinder and projections of the second cylinder. At least one of the recesses of the second cylinder includes at least two areas of medium contact separated by a relaxation area of the medium. In general, at least one of the recesses of the second cylinder comprises at least three areas of medium contact separated by areas of relaxation of the medium. In an exemplary embodiment, all projections of the first cylinder and all recesses of the second cylinder include at least two areas of medium contact separated by a relaxation area of the medium and preferably include at least three separate contact areas of the medium by relaxation areas in the middle.
A method for forming a single faceting medium is provided in accordance with the present invention. The method includes fixing (for example, adhering) the fluted filter medium to a faceting blade to form a single faceting medium.
A method for forming a filter media package is provided according to the invention. The method of forming a filter media pack may include forming a laminated filter media pack from the single faceting media. The laminated filter media package can be supplied in a cylindrical, oval or orbital shape. The method for forming a filter media pack may include forming a stack of filter media stacked from the single faceting media. Forming a stacked filter media package includes stacking a plurality of single facer media blades.
An apparatus for forming the striated filtration medium is provided in accordance with the present invention. The apparatus for forming the medium and medium package of the invention may include a first cylinder and a second cylinder arranged to provide a bite that streaks the filter medium fed into the bite and endows the filter medium with a repetition of streak pattern. The first cylinder comprises a plurality of projections of the first cylinder and a plurality of recesses of the first cylinder, wherein the first cylinder provides alternating projections of the first cylinder and recesses of the first cylinder. At least one of the projections of the first cylinder comprises at least two areas of medium contact separated by a relaxation area of the medium. The second cylinder comprises a plurality of recesses of the second cylinder and a plurality of projections of the second cylinder, wherein the second cylinder provides alternation of the recess of the second cylinder and the projection of the second cylinder. At least one of the recesses of the second cylinder includes at least two areas of medium contact separated by a relaxation area of the medium.
In conventional corrugation processes, such as a corrugation process used to form grooves A and grooves B (as described below), corrugation cylinders can be considered relatively symmetrical. Relatively symmetrical cylinders are cylinders in which one cylinder (for example, the upper cylinder) has teeth and recesses that are similar to the teeth and recesses in the other cylinder (for example, the lower cylinder). Due to the fact that the cylinders in a conventional corrugation process are symmetrical, the resulting grooves are generally symmetrical. By providing cylinders that are asymmetric, the performance of the resulting filtration medium can be modified.
The present invention uses, in certain deployments, a coinage cylinder and a receiving cylinder. It will be noted that, in some deployments, the two cylinders may have dual functionality in such a way that they perform both minting and receiving functions. This allows for more complex groove shapes to be formed by contact points on both cylinders (as described below). A wedge cylinder and the receiving cylinder can be considered asymmetrical in relation to the structure of the projections or teeth and the recesses. Although the receiving and coinage cylinders can be considered symmetrical in relation to the length of the period, the structure of the projections and recesses are different in the two cylinders and, therefore, the cylinders can be considered asymmetrical. In a variety of embodiments, the corrugating cylinders are configured in such a way that the resulting medium has an arc length substantially equal to the length of the medium. Such a configuration can reduce a stretch exerted on the medium during manufacture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a perspective, schematic and fragmentary view of an exemplary z filtration medium, according to the prior art.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional, schematic and enlarged view of a middle portion of the prior art depicted in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of several configurations of corrugated medium.
Figures 4a to 4c are seen in cross section, schematic and enlarged of portions of medium produced according to exemplary implementations of the invention.
Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view showing the production of striated medium, according to the present invention, using an exemplary apparatus.
Figure 6 is a sectional view of a coinage cylinder (also called a coinage wheel) to form the ribbed medium according to the present invention.
Figure 7 is a partial, enlarged sectional view of a portion of the coinage cylinder shown in Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a partial, enlarged sectional view of a portion of the coinage cylinder shown in Figure 7.
Figure 9 is a sectional view of a coinage cylinder to form the striated medium according to the present invention.
Figure 10 is a partial, enlarged sectional view of a portion of the receiving cylinder (also called the receiving wheel) shown in Figure 9.
Figure 11 is a partial, enlarged sectional view of a portion of the receiving cylinder shown in Figure 10.
Figure 12 is a partial, enlarged sectional view of a bite showing the formation of striated media in accordance with the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Methods and apparatus for forming the striated filtration medium, the single facetting medium and the filter media packages are provided. The striated filtration medium can be used alone or in combination with another filtration medium, such as a faceting blade, to form a single faceting medium. In addition, the fluted filter medium and the single faceting medium can each be used to form a filter medium package. The striated filtration medium can be used to filter gaseous or liquid substances. An exemplary gaseous substance includes air and exemplary liquid substances include water, oil, fuel and hydraulic fluid. The forms of the filtration medium that can be provided by the methods and apparatus of the invention include those presented in Patent Application Serial Number US 60 / 899,311 filed on February 2, 2007 and US 60 / 937,162 filed on June 26, 2007 2007. Both requests are now incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The striated filtration medium prepared according to the methods and apparatus according to the invention can be considered an improvement over the prior art striated filtration medium. Streak peaks are typically characterized by an acute radius or a defined tip that reduces masking. As used here, masking refers to the area of proximity between the blades of the medium where there is a substantial difference in pressure across the medium. In general, masking is experienced in the middle location where there is a lot of proximity or contact with another middle blade. This proximity can result in resistance to flow through the medium at that location. As a result, the masked medium is not useful for the filtration performance of the filtration medium.
Consequently, it is desirable to reduce masking in order to increase the amount of filtration medium available for filtration. The reduction in masking increases the dust storage capacity of the filter medium pack, increases the fluid velocity through the filter medium for a given pressure drop and / or decreases the pressure drop of the filter medium pack for a determined general fluid flow rate.
The medium produced according to the invention will often have a substantially constant radius at the tip of the groove peak, even when the groove tapers in the cross-sectional area along the groove length. Therefore, the groove geometries, which are produced in accordance with the present invention, which allows the groove to be tapered, thereby altering the cross-sectional area of the groove, will also desirably maintain the same radius when most or all of the streak length.
In certain embodiments, the filtration medium is constructed with grooves that have different shapes and different volumes open on the sides upstream and downstream of the medium package, a characteristic that can be achieved with the formation of the medium with cuneiform grooves. The medium that has different volumes open on the upstream and downstream sides is termed as the medium that has volumetric asymmetry. In some modalities, volumetric asymmetry can promote material contaminant storage, flow and filtration. Volumetric asymmetry can be particularly useful for improving performance in filter configurations that have hollow medium packages.
The ridges formed in the middle are typically wider (D1, as shown, for example, in Figure 4a) greater than their height (J, as shown, for example, in Figure 5a). This aspect ratio of width to width can be characterized as (D1 / J). The aspect ratio of width to width D1 / J will not typically vary along the length of the groove, except for incidental variations. In most deployments, the aspect ratio of width to width is at least about 2.0, generally at least 2.1, more typically at least 2.2, often at least 2.3, and optionally at least 3.0. In some deployments, the width-to-height ratio is greater than 2.4. In general, the appropriate D1 / J ratios will be less than 10, more typically less than 8 and often less than 6. Suitable D1 / J ratios will be greater than 1, more often greater than 1.5, and usually greater than 2. Other suitable D1 / J ratios include, in exemplary deployments, more than 4, more than 6 or more than 8. Therefore, suitable ranges include, but are not limited to, D1 / J ratios of 2 to 10, 4 to 8 and 5 to 7. However, in some deployments, stretch marks with extremely low D1 / J ratios can be used (although such grooves are generally more difficult to manufacture). For example, the D1 / J ratios of less than 1.0, less than 0.75 and less than 0.50 are possible (see, for example, Figure 4c). In some deployments, streaks that contain very high or very low D1 / J values perform better than streaks that contain values close to D1 / J from 1.15 to 2.0.
The three-dimensional streak structure defines open volumes upstream and downstream of the medium for fluid flow, as well as space for contaminants (such as dust) to accumulate. In some embodiments, the filtration medium exhibits an asymmetry of medium volume such that an open volume on one side of the medium is greater than an open volume on the other side of the medium. These volumes can extend from one face upstream to one face downstream of the media package.
Asymmetry of volume of medium, as used herein, measures, in general, the volume ratio of the medium of the largest volume of medium bounded by the streak peaks to the smallest volume of medium. In some, but not all implantations, the largest volume of medium corresponds to the volume of open medium upstream, and the smallest volume of medium corresponds to the volume of open medium downstream (when using the open volume, contaminants can be accumulated, as dust). In some deployments, the medium will demonstrate an asymmetry of medium volume of more than 1%, more than 3%, more than 5% or more than 10%. Exemplary media constructions demonstrate an asymmetry of media volume of more than 15%, more than 20%, more than 50%, more than 75%, more than 100%, more than 150%, and more than 200%. Suitable media volume asymmetry ranges include, for example, 1% to 300%, 5% to 200%; 50% to 200%; 100% to 200%; and 100% to 150%.
In addition to the asymmetry of volume of the medium, the medium may have streaks that also demonstrate asymmetry of the cross-sectional area of the medium, which is calculated based on a cross-section of the medium. It will be understood that the asymmetry of the cross-sectional area of the medium will often result in differences in asymmetry of volume of the medium, however, this is not always the case, due to the fact that the cross-sectional areas can be varied along the length of the streak so that they have a cumulative effect in which the total volume on each side of the middle is equal. In the case of the present invention, the asymmetry of the cross-sectional area of the medium can change along the length of the grooves in such a way that the grooves have a cuneiform cross-sectional area.
Differences in cross-sectional area are controlled by the geometry of the groove design. Often, the presence, number and shape of ridges along the grooves significantly impact, and often determine, the amount of asymmetry in the cross-sectional area. The groove geometry that results in differences in the cross-sectional area can significantly impact the flow properties through the grooves. Changes in the relative cross-sectional area of striations typically result in changes in the cross-sectional area of the upstream and downstream portion of the media pack in that area. The present invention allows the customization of asymmetry of medium volume and asymmetry of cross-sectional area of the medium to improve the performance of the filter.
In some embodiments, the middle will have an asymmetric cross-sectional area of the middle such that one side of the middle has a cross-sectional area at least 1 percent larger than the opposite side of the same middle piece. Often, the difference in cross-sectional area across the medium will be more than 3%, more than 5% or more than 10%. Exemplary media constructions demonstrate an asymmetric cross-sectional area of the media of more than 15%, more than 20%, more than 50%, more than 75%, more than 100%, more than 150 %, and more than 200%. Suitable cross-sectional area asymmetry ranges include, for example, 1% to 300%, 5% to 200%; 50% to 200%; 100% to 200%; and 100% to 150%. Striated filtration medium
The striated filtration medium can be used to provide a variety of fluid filter constructions. A well-known way is a z filter construction. The terms "z filter construction" or "z filter medium", as used herein, refer to a filter element construction in which individual streaks within the corrugated, folded, pleated or otherwise formed filter streaks are used for defining longitudinal filter grooves for fluid flow through the medium; the flow of fluid along the grooves between the inlet and outlet flow ends (or flow faces) of the filter element. Some examples of z filter media filter elements are provided in U.S. Patents 5,820,646; 5,772,883; 5,902,364; 5,792,247; 5,895,574; 6,210,469; 6,190,432; 6,350,296; 6,179,890; 6,235,195; Des. 399,944; Des. 428,128; Des. 396,098; Des. 398,046; and, Des. 437.401; each of the references cited is hereby incorporated by reference.
One type of z filter media uses two media components joined together to form the media construction. The two components are: (1) a ribbed (for example, corrugated) middle blade; and (2) a blade of the faceting medium. The middle faceting blade is typically not corrugated, however, it can be corrugated, for example, perpendicular to the direction of the groove, as described in International Publication No. WO 2005/077487, published on August 25, 2005, here incorporated as a reference. Alternatively, the faceting blade may be a ribbed (for example, corrugated) blade and the streaks or corrugations may be aligned with or at angles to the ribbed blade. Although the middle faceting blade can be fluted or corrugated, it can be provided in a form that is not fluted or corrugated. Such a shape can include a flat blade. When the middle faceting blade is not fluted, it can be referred to as a non-fluted middle blade or as a non-fluted blade.
The type of z filter media that uses two media components joined together to form the media construction in which the two components are a striated media blade and a media faceting blade can be termed as a “single faceting media” or as a “single faceted medium”. In certain z filter media arrangements, the single faceting medium (the splined medium blade and the middle faceting blade), joined together, can be used to define the medium that has parallel inlet and outlet ridges. In other arrangements, the entry and exit grooves may be non-parallel, depending, for example, on the selection of the portion of the medium element that has cuneiform grooves.
In some instances, the splined blade and the non-splined blade are attached to each other and are then wound to form a z filter media construction. Such provisions are described, for example, in Patent nQU.S. 6,235,195 and Patent No. 6,179,890, each of which is incorporated by reference. In certain arrangements, some uncoiled sections of the striated medium attached to the flat are stacked together in order to create a filter construction. An example of this is described in Figure 11 of Patent nQU.S. 5,820,646, hereby incorporated by reference. In general, the arrangements in which the filter medium z is coiled can be referred to as coiled arrangements, and the arrangements in which the filter medium z is stacked can be referred to as stacked arrangements. The filter elements can be supplied with coiled or stacked arrangements.
Typically, the winding of the spline blade / faceting blade (for example, the only faceting medium) around itself to create a package of coiled medium is conducted with the faceting blade directed outward. Some winding techniques are described in International Publication No. WO 2004/082795, published on September 30, 2004, hereby incorporated by reference. The resulting coiled arrangement generally has, as the outer surface of the media pack, a portion of the faceting blade as a result.
The term “corrugated” used here to refer to the structure in the middle is intended to refer to a resulting streak structure by passing the medium between two corrugation cylinders, that is, at a point of contact or bite between two cylinders, each of which has appropriate surface resources to cause a corrugating effect on the resulting medium. The term “corrugation” is not intended to refer to stretch marks that are formed by techniques that do not involve passing the medium through a bite between corrugation cylinders. However, the term “corrugated” is intended to be applied even if the medium is further modified or deformed after corrugation, for example, through the folding techniques described in PCT WO 04/007054, published on 22 January 2004, hereby incorporated by reference.
The corrugated medium is a form of the striated medium. The striated medium is the medium that has individual grooves (for example, formed through corrugation or folding or pre-forming) that extend through it. The striated medium can be prepared by any technique that provides the desired streak shapes, while corrugation can be a useful technique for forming streaks that are of a particular size. When it is desirable to increase the height of the grooves (the height is the elevation between the peaks), the corrugation techniques may not be practical and it may be desirable to bend or fold the medium. In general, pleating the medium can be provided as a result of folding the medium. An exemplary technique for folding the medium to provide pleats includes grooving and the use of pressure to create the fold.
The filter element or filter cartridge configurations using the z filter medium are sometimes referred to as "straight through flow configurations" or as variants thereof. In general, in this context, it is meant that the operative filter elements generally have an inlet flow end (or face) and an outflow end (or face), with flow in and out of the cartridge of filter generally in the same straight through direction. The term "straight through flow configuration" does not include, for this definition, the air flow that passes outside the media package through the outermost envelope of the faceting medium. In some instances, each of the inlet and outlet ends can generally be flattened or flat, the two being parallel to each other. However, variations of this, for example, non-planar faces, are possible in some applications. Furthermore, the characterization of an inlet face and an outflow face is not a requirement that the inlet face and the outflow face are parallel. The inlet flow face and the outflow face can, if desired, be provided in parallel with each other. Alternatively, the inlet flow face and the outflow face can be provided at an angle to each other so that the faces are not parallel. In addition, non-planar faces can be considered non-parallel faces.
A straight through-flow configuration is, for example, in contrast to pleated cylindrical filter cartridges of the type shown in Patent nQU.S. 6,039,778, in which the flow generally performs a substantial turn as it passes through the operating cartridge. That is, in a filter of Patent nQU.S. 6,039,778, the flow enters the cylindrical filter cartridge through a cylindrical side and then returns to exit through an end face in an advance flow system. In a reverse flow system, the flow enters the operating cylindrical cartridge through an end face and then comes back out through one side of the cylindrical filter cartridge. An example of such a reverse flow system is shown in Patent nQU.S. 5,613,992.
The filter element or the filter cartridge can be referred to as a filter element or operative filter cartridge. The term "operant" in this context refers to a medium that contains a filter cartridge that is periodically removed and replaced with an air cleaner. An air cleaner that includes a functioning filter element or filter cartridge is constructed to provide removal and replacement of the filter element or filter cartridge. In general, the air cleaner can include a housing and an access cover, where the access cover provides for the removal of a used filter element and the insertion of a new or clean (refurbished) filter element.
In general, it is desirable, to provide an appropriate groove closure arrangement, to prevent unfiltered air flowing on one side (or face) of the medium from flowing out of the other side (or face) of the medium as it leaves the current of filtered air leaves the medium. In many arrangements, the construction of the z filter medium is configured to form a network of inlet and outlet grooves, with the inlet grooves being opened in a region adjacent to an entrance face and closed in an adjacent region. an exit face; and the exit grooves are closed adjacent to an entrance face and are opened adjacent to an exit face. However, z filter media arrangements are possible, see, for example, US 2006/0091084 A1, published on May 4, 2006 by Baldwin Filters, Inc. which also comprises streaks extending between faces of opposite flows, with a sealing arrangement to prevent unfiltered air flowing through the media pack. In many z-filter constructions, according to the invention, an adhesive or sealant can be used to close the grooves and provides an appropriate sealing arrangement to prevent unfiltered air from flowing from one side of the medium to the other side of the medium . Plugs, folds in the middle or a crush in the middle can be used as techniques to provide the closing of grooves to prevent unfiltered air flow from one side of the middle (face) to the other side of the middle (face).
Referring to Figure 1, an exemplary type of medium 1 useful as the z filter medium is shown. Although medium 1 is representative of the prior art medium, many of the terms used to describe medium 1 can also describe portions of the medium, according to the invention. The medium 1 is formed from a fluted blade (in the example, corrugated) 3 and a faceting blade 4. In general, the fluted corrugated blade 3 is of a type generally characterized here as having a regular and curved wave pattern of streaks or corrugations 7. The term "wave pattern" in this context is intended to refer to a streak or corrugated pattern of recesses 7b and alternating shoulders 7a. The term "regular" in this context is intended to refer to the fact that the pairs of undercuts and shoulders (7b, 7a) alternate with generally the same shape and size of repetition corrugation (or striation). (In addition, typically in a regular configuration, each recess 7b is substantially an inverse of each recess 7a).
The term “regular” is intended, therefore, to indicate that the corrugation pattern (or streak) comprises undercuts and ridges, with each pair (comprising an adjacent undercut and undercut) being repeated, without substantially modifying the size and shape of corrugations over at least most of the length of the stretch marks. The term “substantial”, in this context, refers to a modification resulting from a change in the process or shape used to create the corrugated or fluted blade, as opposed to minor variations arising from the fact that the middle blade forming the splined blade 3 is flexible.
Regarding the characterization of a repetition pattern, it is not intended that, in any given filter construction, an equal number of shoulders and recesses is necessarily present. Medium 1 could be terminated, for example, between a pair comprising a shoulder and a recess, or partially along a pair comprising a shoulder and a recess. (For example, in Figure 1, the medium 2 portrayed in a fragmentary manner has eight complete shoulders 7a and seven complete shoulders 7b.) Furthermore, the opposite groove ends (ends of the shoulders and shoulders) may vary from one another. Such variations in extremities are disregarded in these definitions, unless specifically stated. That is, variations in the ends of grooves are intended to be covered by the definitions above.
In the context of striated filtration medium and, in particular, in the example medium 1, recesses 7b and shoulders 7a can be characterized as peaks. That is, the highest point of the shoulders 7a can be characterized as peaks and the lowest points of the recesses 7b can be characterized as peaks. The combination of the splined blade 3 and the faceting blade 4 can be termed as the only facetting medium 5. The peaks formed in the recesses 7b can be termed as internal peaks due to the fact that they are directed towards the faceting blade 4 of the only medium facet 5. The peaks formed in the shoulders 7a can be characterized as external peaks due to the fact that they are facing the opposite side of the faceting blade 3 which forms the only faceting means 5. For the only faceting means 5, the splined blade 3 includes repeated internal peaks at 7b which face the faceting blade 4, and repeated external peaks at the shoulders 7a which face the opposite side of the faceting blade 4.
The term “regular”, as used here, also characterizes a streak pattern that is not “cuneiform”. In general, a regular streak pattern can also be termed as a straight streak pattern, which is distinguishable from a cuneiform streak configuration. In contrast to the facet medium 5 of the prior art of Figure 1, the medium of the present invention typically demonstrates a cuneiform streak configuration.
In general, a taper refers to a reduction or an increase in the size of the open area of the groove over a length of the groove. In general, the filtration medium that is cuneiform can exhibit a first set of grooves that decreases in size from a first end of the medium to a second end of the medium, and a second set of grooves that increases in size from the first middle end to the second middle end. The filtration medium that is cuneiform can also exhibit a first set of grooves that decreases in size from a first middle end to an intermediate point in the middle and is substantially constant in size from the middle point in the middle to the second end the middle one. A second set of grooves can increase in size from the second middle end to the middle point in the middle and then have a substantially constant size from the middle point in the middle to the first middle end. In such configurations, the total pressure drop can be reduced through the filter, as the filter openings can be maximized upstream and downstream of the filter.
In the context of the Z environment, there are, in general, two types of “asymmetry”. One type of asymmetry is called area asymmetry, and another type of asymmetry is called volume asymmetry. In general, area asymmetry refers to an asymmetry in the striated cross-sectional area and can be exhibited by cuneiform streaks. For example, area asymmetry exists if a striated area at one location along the length of a streak is different from the striated area at another location along the length of the streak. Due to the fact that cuneiform streaks exhibit a decrease in size from the first location (eg, end) to a second location (eg, the opposite end) of the medium pack or an increase in size from a first location (for example, end) to a second location (for example, opposite end) of the media pack, there is an area asymmetry. This asymmetry (for example, area asymmetry) is a type of asymmetry resulting from the taper and, as a result, the medium that has this type of asymmetry can be termed as non-regular.
Another type of asymmetry can be called volume asymmetry and will be explained in more detail. Volume asymmetry refers to a difference between a dirty side volume and a clean side volume inside the filter medium pack. A packet of media that exhibits volume asymmetry can be characterized as regular if the wave pattern is regular, and can be characterized as non-regulated if the wave pattern is non-regular.
The z medium can be provided when at least a portion of the grooves is closed to the passage of unfiltered air by a different technique of providing an adhesive or sealant plug. For example, the groove ends can be folded or crushed to provide a closure. One technique for providing a regular and consistent fold pattern for closing striations can be termed as curling. Crimped grooves or crimping generally refer to the closing of a groove in which the closure occurs by folding the groove to create a regular fold pattern to collapse the grooves towards the faceting blade to provide a closing rather than crushing. Crimping generally implies a systematic approach to closing the groove ends as a result of folding the groove portions so that the groove closures are generally consistent and controlled. For example, U.S. Patent Publication in U.S. 2006 0163150 A1 has striations that have a beaded configuration at the ends of the striations. In particular, closure can be provided as a result of indenting the groove tip and then bending the indented groove tips towards the faceting blade. The beaded configuration can provide advantages which include, for example, a reduction in the amount of sealant required to provide a seal, increased security in the effectiveness of the seal and a desirable flow pattern through the beaded end of the grooves. Medium z can include streaks that have beaded ends, and the entire description of U.S. Patent Publication nQU.S. 2006 0163150 A1 is hereby incorporated by reference. It should be understood that the existence of grooves or groove closures at the ends of grooves does not result in the non-regular medium. The definition of “not regular” does not consider whether or not there is a stretch mark closure. In other words, the possibility of the stretch mark being considered as regular or non-regular depends on the stretch away from closing.
It may be desirable to provide peaks that have a radius that is sharp enough that it is not considered "curved". The radius can be less than 0.25 mm, or less than 0.20 mm. In order to reduce masking, it may be desirable to provide the peak with a knife edge. The ability to provide a knife edge at the peak can be limited by the equipment used to form the medium, the medium itself and the conditions to which the medium is subjected. For example, it is desirable not to cut or tear the medium. Consequently, the use of a knife edge to create the peak may be undesirable if the knife edge causes a cut or tear in the middle. In addition, the medium may be too light or too heavy to provide a sufficiently undiluted peak without cutting or tearing. In addition, air humidity during processing can be improved to help create a shorter radius when forming the peak without damaging the medium.
An additional feature of the particular, curved and regular wave pattern depicted in Figure 1, for corrugated sheet 3, is that at approximately a midpoint 30 between each recess 7b and each adjacent ledge 7a, over most of the length of the grooves 7, a transaction region is located in which the curvature is reversed. For example, when viewing the face or back side 3a, Figure 1, the recess 7b is a concave region, and the shoulder 7a is a convex region. Of course, when viewed towards the face or front side 3b, the recess 7b on side 3a forms a shoulder; and the shoulder 7a of face 3a forms a recess. In some instances, region 30 may be a straight segment, rather than a point, with an inverted curvature at the ends of segment 30. When region 30 is provided as a straight segment, the wave pattern depicted in Figure 1, for example For example, it can be characterized as a “arc-straight-arc” wave pattern due to the repetition pattern of curve in the shoulder 7a, the straight segment in the region 30 and the curve in the recess 7b.
Referring to Figure 1 and as mentioned above, medium 2 has first and second opposite edges 8 and 9. For the example shown, when medium 2 is wound and transformed into a medium package, in general, edge 9 will form an entrance and, for the middle pack and the edge 8, an exit end, although an opposite orientation is possible in some applications.
In the example shown, the adjacent edge 8 is provided as a sealant, in this instance, in the form of a sealant microsphere 10, which seals the splined blade 3 and the faceting blade 4, joining them. Microsphere 10 will sometimes be referred to as a “single facetting” microsphere, as it is a microsphere between the corrugated sheet 3 and the facetting blade 4, which form the only facetting medium 5. The sealing microsphere 10 seals the adjacent edge 8 of the closed individual grooves 11 for the passage of air therefrom.
In the example shown, the adjacent edge 9 is provided as a sealant, in this instance, in the form of a sealant microsphere 14. The sealant microsphere 14, in general, closes the grooves 15 for the passage of unfiltered fluid through it, on the adjacent edge. 9. The microsphere 14 would typically be applied as the medium 2 is wound around itself, with the corrugated blade 3 directed inwards. Therefore, microsphere 14 will form a seal between a posterior side 17 of the faceting blade 4 and side 18 of the splined blade 3. Microsphere 14 will sometimes be referred to as a “winding microsphere”, as it is typically applied to the measure that strip 2 is wound in a package of half wound. If medium 2 is cut into strips and stacked, instead of coiled, microsphere 14 would be a “stacking microsphere”.
Referring to Figure 1, since the medium 1 is incorporated in a medium package, for example, through winding or stacking, it can be operated as follows. First, the air in the direction of arrows 12 would enter the adjacent end 9 of the open grooves 11. Due to the closure at the end 8, through the microsphere 10, the air would pass through the medium shown by arrows 13. It could then leave the package of medium by passing through the open ends 15a of the splines 15, at the adjacent end 8 of the medium pack. Of course, the operation could be conducted with air flow in the opposite direction.
In more general terms, a z filter medium package can be characterized as comprising a striated filter medium that is attached to the filter medium, and is configured in a fluted media package that extends between the first and second flow faces. A sealant or seal arrangement is provided inside the media pack to ensure that air entering the grooves on a first upstream flow face or face cannot escape the media pack from a flow edge or face. downstream, without filtering the passage through the medium. Conversely, a packet of filter medium z is closed to the passage of unfiltered air through it, between the inlet face and the outflow face, typically by means of a sealant arrangement or other arrangement. An additional alternative characterization of the same is that a first portion of the ribs is closed or sealed to prevent unfiltered air from flowing into the first portion of the ribs, and a second portion of the ribs is closed or sealed to prevent air from being filtered. filtrate flows out of the media pack, so that the air that passes through one of the flow faces and outside the other flow face passes through the medium to provide air filtration.
For the particular arrangement shown here in Figure 1, parallel corrugations 7a, 7b are generally straight through through, from edge 8 to edge 9. Straight grooves or corrugations can be deformed or bent at selected locations, especially at ends. Modifications to the ends of the groove for closing are generally disregarded in the definitions above "regular", "curved" and "wave pattern".
In general, the filter medium is a relatively flexible material, typically a fibrous non-woven material (cellulose fibers, synthetic fibers or both) which often includes a resin in it and is sometimes treated with additional materials. Therefore, it can be conformed or configured in several striated patterns, for example, corrugated, without unacceptable damage to the medium. In addition, it can be readily wound or otherwise configured for use, again without unacceptable damage to the environment. Of course, it must be of a nature that maintains the required ribbed configuration (for example, corrugated) during use.
In the process of corrugation or streaking, an inelastic deformation is caused in the middle. This prevents the medium from returning to its original format. However, once the tension is released, the streaks or corrugations will tend to return through the spring, recovering only a portion of the stretching and bending that occurs. The faceting blade is sometimes attached to the splined blade to inhibit this spring return on the splined (or corrugated) blade.
In addition, the medium may contain a resin. During the corrugation process, the medium can be heated above the glass transition point of the resin. When the resin cools, it will help to keep the striated shapes.
The middle of the splined blade 3, the faceting blade 4 or both can be provided with a fine fiber material on one or both sides thereof, for example, according to US Patents 6,955,775, 6,673,136 and 7,270,693, incorporated herein by reference. In general, the fine fiber can be termed as a fine polymer fiber (microfiber and nanofiber) and can be supplied in the medium to optimize the filtration performance. As a result of the presence of fine fiber in the medium, it may be possible or desirable to provide a medium that has a reduced weight or thickness while obtaining the desired filtration properties. Consequently, the presence of fine fiber in the medium can provide improved filtration properties, provide the use of a thinner medium, or both. The fiber characterized as fine fiber may have a diameter of about 0.001 micron to about 10 microns, about 0.005 microns to about 5 microns, or about 0.01 microns to about 0.5 microns. The nanofiber refers to a fiber that has a diameter of less than 200 nanometers or 0.2 microns. Microfiber can refer to a fiber that has a diameter greater than 0.2 microns, but not more than 10 microns. Exemplary materials that can be used to form fine fibers include polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol polymers and copolymers that comprise various nylon, such as nylon 6, nylon 4.6, nylon 6.6, nylon 6.10, and copolymers of the same, polyvinyl chloride, PVDC, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, PMMA, PVDF, polyamides and mixtures thereof.
Still referring to Figure 1, in 20, the adhesion microspheres are shown positioned between the splined blade 3 and the faceting blade 4, holding the two together. The adhesion microspheres 20 can be, for example, discontinuous lines of adhesive. Adhesion microspheres can also be points where the middle blades are welded.
From what has been said, it will be apparent that the exemplified striated blade 3 pictured is not typically attached continuously to the faceting blade, along the peaks at which the two join. Therefore, air can flow between adjacent inlet ribs and alternatively between adjacent outlet ribs, without passing through the medium. However, unfiltered air that entered a streak through the inlet flow face cannot leave a streak through the outflow face without passing through at least one middle blade, without filtration.
Attention is now directed to Figure 2, in which a construction of filter medium z 40 that uses a fluted blade (in this instance, regular and curved wave pattern) 43 and a non-corrugated and flat faceting blade 44 is depicted. The distance D1, between points 50 and 51, defines the extent of the plane 44 in the region 52 below a determined groove 53. Points 50 and 51 are provided as the central point of the internal peaks 46 and 48 of the grooved blade 43. In addition, point 45 can be characterized as the center point of the outer peak 49 of the splined blade 43. The distance D1 defines the length of the period or interval of the construction of the medium 40. The length D2 defines the length of the arcuate medium for the groove. 53, across the same distance D1, and is, of course, larger than D1 due to its streak shape 53.
The height of the groove J is the distance from the faceting blade 44 to the highest point of the grooved blade 43. Alternatively, the height of the groove J is the difference in exterior elevation between adjacent peaks 57 and 58 of the grooved blade 43. The height striated J considers the thickness of the striated blade 43. Peak 57 can be termed as the internal peak, and peak 58 may be termed as the external peak. Although the distances D1, D2 and J are applied to the specific ribbed arrangement shown in Figure 2, these distances can be applied to other ribbed configurations where D1 refers to the length of a streak period or the distance from the middle below a determined groove, D2 refers to the length of the striated medium from the lower peak to the lower peak and J refers to the height of the groove.
Another measurement can be termed as the chord length (CL). P rope length refers to the straight line distance from the center point 50 of the lower peak 57 and the center point 45 of the upper peak 58. The rope length (CL) can be additionally expressed as the straight line distance between the central points of adjacent peaks. It should be understood that the thickness of the medium and the decision of where to start or end a particular distance measurement can affect the distance value due to the fact that the thickness of the medium affects the distance value. For example, the chord length (CL) can have different values depending on whether the distance can be measured from the bottom of the inner peak to the bottom of the outer peak or the possibility of being measured from the bottom of the inner peak to the top of the peak external. This difference in distance is an example of how the thickness of the medium can affect the distance measurement. In order to minimize the effect of the medium thickness, the measurement for the rope length is determined from a central point inside the medium.
The relationship between the chord length CL and the length of the medium D2 can be characterized as a percentage of the half rope. The half-rope percentage can be determined according to the following formula:

In the corrugated cardboard industry, several standard grooves have been defined. These include, for example, streak pattern E, streak pattern X, streak pattern B, streak pattern C and streak pattern A. Figure 3, in combination with Table 1 below, provides definitions of these streaks.
Donaldson Company, Inc., (DCI), the assignee of this specification, used variations of standard striations A and B, in a variety of z-filter arrangements. DCI's standard B streak can have a half-rope percentage of about 3.6%. DCI's standard A streak can have a half-string percentage of about 6.3. Figure 2 shows a construction of filter medium z 40 that uses the standard groove B as the grooved blade 43.

In general, the corrugated box industry standard streak configurations have been used to define corrugation shapes or approximate corrugation shapes for the corrugated medium. The improved performance of the filtration medium can be achieved by providing a configuration or groove structure that improves filtration. In the corrugated box industry, the size of the grooves or the geometry of the corrugation has been selected to provide a suitable structure for handling a load. The groove geometry in the corrugated box industry has developed the groove A or groove configuration. While such groove configurations may be desirable for handling a load, the filtration performance can be improved by changing the groove geometry. Techniques for improving filtration performance include selecting geometries and configurations that improve filtration performance in general, and which improve filtration performance under selected filtration conditions. Exemplary groove geometries and configurations that can be changed to improve filtration performance include groove masking, groove shape, groove width and height ratio and groove asymmetry. In view of the wide selection of geometries and groove configurations, the filter element can be configured with the desired geometries and filter element configurations in view of various geometries and groove configurations to optimize filtration performance.
Filtration performance can be improved by increasing the amount of filtration medium available for filtration. Techniques for increasing the amount of filtration medium available for filtration include reducing masking, adjusting the ratio of width to height of the groove, increasing the density of the groove, adjusting the shape of the groove and reducing the length of the plug. These techniques for increasing the amount of filtration medium available for filtration can be used individually or in combination, as desired. Each of these techniques is described in more detail.
Masking reduction can be considered a technique to increase the surface area of the medium available for filtration. In the context of the z medium, masking refers to the area of proximity between the splined blade and the faceting blade in which there is a lack of substantial pressure difference which results in a lack of useful filtration medium in place when the filtration is in use. In general, masking is often characterized by the location in the environment where there is proximity to another blade of medium so that there is a resistance to flow through the medium at that location. As a result, the masked medium is not useful for significantly improving the filtration performance of the filtration medium. Consequently, it is desirable to reduce masking and then increase the amount of filter medium available for filtration and thereby increase the capacity of the filter medium, increase the speed of the filter medium, decrease the pressure drop of the medium. filtration, or some or all of these.
In the case of a spline blade arranged in a pattern with wide rays at the peaks, as shown in Figure 2, there is a relatively large area of filtration medium close to the contact area of the spline blade and the faceting blade that is not, in general, available for filtration. Masking can be reduced by reducing the contact radii between the splined blade and the faceting blade (providing more acute points of contact). Masking generally considers the deflection of the medium when it is under pressure (for example, during air filtration). A relatively larger radius can result in the fact that more of the striated medium is deflected towards the faceting blade, thereby increasing masking. By providing a more acute point of contact (for example, a peak that has a smaller radius), masking can be reduced.
Attempts were made to reduce the contact radii between a splined blade and a faceting blade. For example, see Patent nQU.S. 6,953,124 to Winter et al. A curved wave pattern, like the curved wave pattern shown in Figure 1, generally provides a splined blade that has a peak radius of at least 0.25 mm and typically no more than 3 mm. A relatively sharp contact point can be characterized as a peak contact point that has a radius of less than 0.25 mm. A relatively sharp contact point can be provided so as to have a radius of less than about 0.20 mm. In addition, masking can be reduced by providing a peak that has a radius of less than about 0.15 mm, and preferably less than about 0.10 mm. The peak can be provided so that it has no radius or essentially a radius of about 0 mm. Exemplary techniques for providing the striated medium that exhibits relatively sharp points of contact at the peaks include minting, bending, folding or creasing the striated medium in a manner sufficient to provide a relatively sharp edge. It should be understood that the ability to provide a sharp edge depends on a number of factors including the composition of the medium itself and the processing equipment used to provide the bend, fold or crease. In general, the ability to provide a relatively acute contact point depends on the weight of the medium and whether the medium contains fibers that resist tearing or cutting. In general, it is desirable not to cut the filtration medium during coining, bending, folding or creasing.
Although it is desirable to reduce the radius of the peaks (internal or external peak) to reduce masking, it is not necessary for all peaks to have a reduced radius to decrease masking. Depending on the design of the medium, it may be sufficient to provide the external peaks with a reduced radius or to provide the internal peaks with a reduced radius, or to provide both the external peaks and the internal peaks with a reduced radius in order to decrease masking.
Another technique for increasing the surface area of the medium available for filtration includes introducing more medium into a volume of space available for filtration. For example, the amount of filtration medium available for filtration can be increased by adjusting the ratio of width to height of the groove. An example of medium that has ridges that form an equilateral triangle is shown in Figure 2 of Patent nQU.S. 6,953,124. Although the theoretical equilateral triangular groove shape may be desired in the corrugated box cardboard industry for handling a load, the filtration performance can be improved by selecting a groove shape that is different from the theoretical equilateral triangle. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that the theoretical equilateral triangular shape provides the least amount of medium available for filtration when compared to other groove designs in which the length of the D1 period or interval is increased or decreased, or the groove height J is increased or decreased among themselves. Furthermore, it should be noted that, due to the fact that the medium is flexible, the medium can deflect when subjected to pressure, such as during filtration. As a result, medium deflection can increase masking, and it is hoped that this type of masking can provide a more pronounced effect in the case of a theoretical equilateral triangular streak.
One technique for increasing the surface area of the medium available for filtration is to select the ratio between width and height of the groove. The ratio between the width and height of the groove is the ratio between the length of the groove length D1 and the height of the groove J. The ratio between the width and height of the groove can be expressed by the following formula:
Ratio between groove width and height = D1 / J
The measured distances, such as the groove length period D1 and the groove height J, can be characterized as average values for the filtration medium along the groove length that excludes 20% of the groove length at each end. The distances D1 and J can be measured away from the ends of the grooves due to the fact that the ends of the grooves are typically deformed as a result of the presence of sealant or closure technique. The ratio of width to height of the groove calculated in a groove closure would not necessarily represent the ratio of width to height of the groove in which the filtration is taking place. Consequently, the measurement of the ratio of width to height of the groove can be provided as an average value over the groove length with the exception of the last 20% of the groove length close to the ends of the grooves to remove the effects of groove closure when the stretch marks are closed at or near the ends. For the "regular" medium, the stretch length period D1 and the stretch height J are expected to be relatively constant along the stretch length. By relatively constant, it is meant that the ratio between width and height of the groove can vary by about 10% over the length of the groove which excludes the 20% in length at each end where the groove closure designs can affect the width to height ratio. In addition, in the case of a "non-regular" medium, as a medium that has tapered grooves, the ratio between width and height of the groove may vary or remain the same over the length of the groove. By adjusting the streak shape away from a theoretical equilateral triangle shape, the amount of medium in a given volume available for filtration can be increased. Consequently, streaks that have a streak width to height ratio of at least about 2.2, at least about 2.5, at least about 2.7 or at least about 3.0 can provide an area increased surface area of the medium available for filtration. In addition, providing a streak design that has a width to height ratio of less than about 0.45, less than about 0.40, less than about 0.37 or less than about 0 .33 can provide an enlarged media area available for filtration. In general, a theoretical groove that has an equilateral triangle shape represents a groove width and height ratio of about 1.6.
Another technique for increasing the amount of filtration medium available for filtration includes increasing the streak density of the media pack. The streak density refers to the number of streaks per cross-sectional area of the filtration medium in a filter media package. The streak density depends on a number of factors including the streak height J, the streak period D1 and the thickness of the medium T. The streak density can be characterized by the streak density of the media pack or the streak density the only facetious medium. The equation for calculating the stripe density of the media pack (^) for a filter element is:

The striated density of a filter element can be calculated by counting the number of channels that include those channels that are opened and those channels that are closed in a cross-sectional area of the filter element, and by dividing it by twice the cross-sectional area of the filter element at the location where the number of channels was determined. In general, it is expected that the streak density will remain relatively constant across the length of the filter element from the inlet flow face to the outflow face, or vice versa. It should be understood that the cross-sectional area of the medium z refers to the cross-sectional area of the medium (rolled or stacked) and not necessarily the cross-sectional area of the filter element. The filter element may have a housing or seal intended to engage a housing that would provide the filter element with a cross-sectional area that is larger than the middle cross-sectional area. In addition, the middle cross-sectional area refers to the effective area. That is, if the medium is wrapped around a core or mandrel, the cross-sectional area of the core or mandrel is not part of the cross-sectional area of the z-medium package.
An alternative equation for calculating striated density (^) for a single facetting medium is:

In the equation for the groove density, J is the groove height, D1 is the groove length period and T is the thickness of the grooved blade. This alternative equation can be termed as the equation for calculating the striatal density of the single facetting medium. The groove density of the single faceting medium is determined based on the configuration of the single faceting medium. In contrast, the streak density of the media pack is determined based on the assembled media pack.
Theoretically, the striatal density of the media pack and the striatal density of the single faceting media should provide similar results. However, it is possible that the media pack can be configured in such a way that the strand density of the media pack and the strand density of the single facer media provide different results.
The standard striation B shown in Figures 2 and 3 and featured in Table 1 provides a coiled filtration medium that has a strand density (strand density of the media pack and strand density of the single facer medium) of about 13.38 streaks / cm2 (34 streaks / inch2). The media packet formed from the middle of the standard groove B can be characterized as having an average groove density of about 34 grooves / inch2. Streak density (expressed as the striatal density of the media pack or as the striatal density of the single facet medium) can be considered as an average striatal density for the media pack, unless stated otherwise . The streak density, therefore, can sometimes be termed as the streak density and at other times as the mean streak density. In general, increasing the mean streak density refers to providing a packet of medium that has a higher strand density than the strand density for the middle of the standard strand B. For example, the increased strand density may refer to to a pack of medium that has a streak density greater than 13.77 streaks / cm2 (35.0 streaks / inch2). The media pack can be supplied so that it has a stripe density of more than about 14.17 streaks / cm2 (36 streaks / inch2), more than about 14.96 streaks / cm2 (38 streaks / inch2) ), more than about 15.74 streaks / cm2 (40 streaks / inch2), more than 17.71 streaks / cm2 (45 streaks / inch2) or more than about 19.68 streaks / cm2 (50 streaks / inch2). The media pack can be provided so that it has an increased streak density (when compared to standard media B) to provide a decreased pressure drop or less resistance to flow through it. For example, the media pack may be provided so that it has a streak density of the media pack of less than about 13.38 streaks / cm2 (34 streaks / inch2), less than 11.81 streaks / cm2 (30 streaks / inch2), or less than about 9.84 streaks / cm2 (25 streaks / inch2).
In general, the supply of the medium which has increased streak density tends to increase the surface area of the medium by one volume of the medium and therefore tends to increase the loading capacity of the filtration medium. Consequently, increasing the streak density of the medium can have the effect of improving the loading capacity of the medium. However, increasing the streak density of the medium can have the effect of increasing the pressure drop across the medium, assuming that other factors remain constant.
Increasing the stria density of the filtration medium can have the effect of decreasing the stria height (J) or the stria length period (D1), or both. As a result, the groove size (the groove size refers to the cross-sectional area of the groove) tends to decrease as the groove density increases. Smaller streak sizes often, but not always, have the effect of increasing pressure drop through the filtration medium. In general, the reference to a pressure drop across the medium refers to the pressure differential determined on a first face of the medium in relation to the pressure measured on the second face of the medium, with the first face and the second face being provided in generally opposite ends of a streak. In order to provide a filtration medium that has a relatively high groove density while retaining a desired pressure drop, the groove length can be shortened.
The streak length refers to the distance from the first face of the filtration medium to the second face of the filtration medium. In the case of the filtration medium useful for filtering air for combustion engines, short streaks can be characterized as those streaks that have a streak length of less than about 12.7 cm (5 inches) (for example, about 2.54 cm (1 inch) to about 12.7 cm (5 inches), or about 5.08 cm (2 inches) to about 10.16 cm (4 inches)). Medium-length streaks can be characterized as those streaks that have a length of about 12.7 cm (5 inches) to about 20.32 cm (8 inches). Long-streak streaks can be characterized as streaks that have a streak length of more than 20.32 cm (8 inches) (for example, about 20.32 cm (8 inches) to about 30.48 cm (12 inches)).
Another technique for increasing the amount of filtration medium available for filtration in a media pack includes selecting a striated media configuration that provides an increased amount of filter media available for filtration when compared to standard striated media designs like those described in Table 1 One technique for providing a striated medium design that increases the amount of filtration medium available for filtration is to create a ridge between adjacent peaks. As previously discussed, peaks in the striated medium can be characterized as either an internal peak or an external peak, depending on whether the peak is facing the faceting blade or facing the opposite side of the faceting blade in the case where the striated medium is adhered to a faceting blade to form a single faceting medium. In the case where there is no facetting blade, the internal peak and the external peak can be selected depending on a desired orientation. It should be kept in mind, however, that the internal peaks are on one side of the fluted filter medium, and the external peaks are provided on the other side of the fluted filter medium.
Figures 4a to 4c show portions of medium that have exemplary streak shapes to improve filtration performance. With reference to Figure 4a, the means 110 includes a fluted blade 112 between the faceting blades 111 and 113; with reference to Figure 4b, the means 120 includes the fluted blade 122 between the faceting blades 121 and 123; and in relation to Figure 4c, the means 140 includes the fluted blade 142 between the faceting blades 141 and 143. The combination of the fluted blade 112 and the faceting blade 113 can be termed as a single faceting means 117, the combination of the blade spline 122 and faceting blade 123 can be referred to as a single faceting means 137, and the combination of splined blade 142 and faceting blade 143 can be referred to as the only faceting means 147. When the only faceting means 117, 137, or 147 is coiled or stacked, the faceting blade 111, 121, or 141 can be supplied from another single faceting medium in the case of stacked medium or from the same single faceting medium in the case of coiled medium.
The means 110, 120, and 140 of Figures 4a to 4c can be arranged to provide filter elements for cleaning a fluid, such as air. The filter elements can be arranged as coiled elements or stacked elements. The wound elements generally include a striated medium blade and a faceting blade that are rolled to provide the wound construction. The coiled construction can be provided so that it has a shape that is characterized as round, oval or orbital. A stacked construction generally includes alternating layers of medium comprising the striated medium blade adhered to the medium faceting blade. In general, a striated medium blade adhered to the medium faceting blade can be termed as a single faceting medium. The means 110 shown in Figure 4a is a sectional view obtained through the means to show the shape of the cross section of the splined blade for the low contact and low stretch formats. It should be understood that the shape of the cross section can be provided so that it extends along a length of the groove. In addition, the grooves can be sealed so that the medium functions as the z medium. The seal can be supplied, if desired, as an adhesive or sealant material.
In Figure 4a, a distance D1 is measured from the center point of the internal peak 114 to the center point of the internal peak 116. Alternatively, the distance D1 can be measured from the center point of the external peak 115 to the center point of the peak external 119. The striated medium 110 is shown so that it has two ridges 118 for each length of period D1, or along the length of medium D2. The ridges 118 are provided so that they extend over at least a portion of the length of the groove. In general, each ridge 118 can be characterized as a general area in which a relatively flatter portion of the striated medium 118a joins a relatively steeper portion of the striated medium 118b. A ridge (for example, a non-peak ridge) can be thought of as a line of intersection between different sloping middle portions. A ridge can be formed as a result of deformation of the medium at that location. The medium can be deformed on the ridge as a result of applying pressure to the medium. The technique of applying pressure to the medium can be called coining.
For the exemplary spline blade 112, the relatively flatter portion of the striated medium 118a can be seen in Figure 4a as the portion of the striated medium that extends between the outer peak 115 and the ridge 118. The angle of this relatively flatter portion can vary in different deployments such that it is, for example, an angle between 0 and 90- in relation to the flat blade. The average angle of the relatively flatter portion of the striated means 118a from the outer peak 115 to the ridge 118 can be characterized in less than 45 °, and can be provided in less than about 30 ° with respect to the faceting blade 113. The relatively steeper portion of the striated medium 118b can be characterized as that portion of the medium that extends from the inner peak 116 to the ridge 118. In general, the angle of the relatively steeper portion of the striated medium 118b, characterized as extending between the internal peak 116 and the ridge 118, it can be greater than 45Q and it can be greater than 60Q in relation to the faceting blade 113. It is the difference in angle between the relatively flatter portion of the striated medium 118a and the relatively steeper portion of the striated medium 118b which provides the presence of the ridge 118. It should be understood that the angle of the relatively flatter portion of the striated medium 118a and the angle of the relatively steeper portion of the medium spline 118b can be determined as the angle between the points forming the end points of the middle section (for example, the spline medium 118a or the spline medium 118b), and the angle is measured from the faceting blade 113. In addition , reference to specific angles is for illustrative purposes, and the middle portions that form the crest 118 may have different angles than those identified above.
The ridge 118 can be provided as a result of coining, creasing, bending or folding along a length of the fluted blade 112 during the formation of the striated medium 12. It may be desirable, but not necessary, during the striated formation step 112 to perform the steps to adjust the ridge 118. For example, the ridge 118 can be adjusted by heat treatment or moisture treatment or a combination thereof. In addition, ridge 118 may exist as a result of creasing, bending or folding to form the ridge without an additional ridge adjustment step. Furthermore, the characterization of a ridge 118 should not be confused with the outer peaks of the fluted blade 115 or 119 and the internal peaks of the fluted blade 116 or 114. The characterization of a generally flatter portion 118a and a generally steeper portion 118b is intended to be a way of characterizing the presence of a crest. In general, the flatter portion 118a and the steeper portion 118b are expected to exhibit a curve. That is, it is expected that the flatter portion 118a and the steeper portion 118b are not completely flat, particularly due to the fact that fluids, such as air, flow through the medium during filtration. However, the angle of the medium in relation to the faceting blade can be measured for portions of the medium in order to determine the presence of a crest 118.
The shape of the medium depicted in Figure 4a can be termed as a low contact shape. In general, the low contact shape refers to the relatively low contact area between the fluted blade 112 and the faceting blade 111. The presence of the crest 118 helps to provide reduced masking at peaks 115 and 119. The crest 118 exists as a result of the formation of the striated blade 112 and, as a result, reduces the internal stress in the medium at peaks 115 and 119. Without the presence of the ridge 118, there was probably an internal tension level in the striated blade 112 that would cause the ribbed blade 112 would create a greater radius at peaks 115 and 119 and would thereby increase masking. As a result, the presence of ridge 118 helps to increase the amount of medium present between adjacent peaks (for example, peaks 115 and 114) and helps to decrease the peak radius (for example, peak 115) as a result of relieving, until a certain extent, the tension inside the grooved blade 112 that would cause it to expand or flatten on the peaks in the absence of the ridge.
The presence of a ridge 118 can be detected by visual observation. While the presence of the low contact shape cannot be particularly apparent from viewing the end of the ribbed medium, it is possible to cut the filter element and observe the presence of a ridge that extends along a length of a rib. In addition, the presence of a crest can be confirmed by a technique in which the filter element is loaded with dust, and the fluted blade can be detached from the faceting blade to reveal a dust cake that has a crest corresponding to the crest in the kind of striated. In general, the crest on a dust cake reflects a portion of the dust surface that has a medium angle that intersects another portion of the dust surface that has a different average angle. The intersection of the two portions of the dust surface cake forms a ridge. The dust that can be used to load the medium to fill the grooves to provide a dust cake inside the grooves can be characterized as ISO Fine test dust.
Referring now to Figure 4a, the grooved blade 112 includes two ridges 118 along the distance D2, where the distance D2 refers to the length of the grooved blade 112 from the center point of peak 114 to the center point of peak 116 , and where the ridges are not peaks 114, 115, 116 or 119. Although peaks 114 and 116 can be termed as internal peaks, they can also be termed as first adjacent side peaks (or second adjacent side peaks). Although peaks 115 and 119 can be referred to as external peaks, they can also be called second adjacent side peaks (or first adjacent side peaks, provided that the first or second selection is opposite to the selection made for peaks 114 and 116). The peaks can be further characterized as peaks of the faceting blade in the case where the peaks are facing a faceting blade. In the case where there is no faceting blade, the peaks can be simply referred to as the peaks, as peaks on the same side, as first adjacent side peaks or as the second adjacent side peaks. In general, the reference to “adjacent peaks on the same side” refers to peaks that can be used to define a period. The reference to "adjacent peaks" without the characterization of "same side" refers to peaks next to each other, but facing different directions (for example, peaks 114 and 115). This characterization of the peaks is convenient to describe the striated medium as the medium shown in the Figures.
Although the ribbed blade 112 can be provided so that it has two ridges 118 along each length D2, the ribbed blade 112 can be provided so as to have a single ridge along each length of the period D2, if desired, and can be provided so as to have a configuration in which some of the periods exhibit at least one crest, some periods exhibit two ridges and some periods do not exhibit any crest, or any combination of them.
The ribbed blade can be characterized as having a repetition pattern of ribs when produced through a process that repeats the rib pattern. A streak repeat pattern means that, across the length of the medium (for example, towards the machine), the streak pattern is repeated. For example, each streak may exhibit a ridge between adjacent peaks. There may be a pattern in which each streak can display two ridges between adjacent peaks. In addition, there may be a pattern in which a ridge is present between adjacent peaks of some streaks, but not between adjacent peaks of other streaks. For example, a period may exhibit a single crest or two ridges, and a subsequent period may exhibit no crest, a single crest or two ridges, and a subsequent streak may not exhibit any crest, a crest or two ridges, etc. At some point, the pattern is repeated. There is no requirement, however, that a crystal or two ridges be present between each adjacent peak. The benefits of the invention can be obtained by providing a streak repetition pattern, in which, in this repetition pattern, at least one crest is present between adjacent peaks. Preferably, the pattern includes two ridges between adjacent peaks on the same side, as shown in Figure 4a.
The characterization of the presence of a ridge must be understood in such a way that it means that the ridge is present along a length of the groove. In general, the ridge can be provided along the groove for a length sufficient to provide the resulting medium with the desired performance. While the ridge may extend over the entire length of the groove, it is possible that the ridge will not extend the entire length of the groove as a result of, for example, influences at the ends of the groove. Exemplary influences include groove closure (for example, crimping) and the presence of plugs at the ends of grooves. Preferably, the ridge extends for at least 20% of the streak length. For example, the ridge may extend for at least 30% of the streak length, at least 40% of the streak length, at least 50% of the streak length, at least 60% of the streak length or at least 80% the streak length. The ends of the grooves can be closed in some way and, as a result of the closure, it is possible or more to be able to detect the presence of a ridge when viewing the media pack from one face. Consequently, the characterization of the presence of a ridge that extends along a length of the groove does not mean that the ridge must extend along the entire length of the groove. In addition, the ridge may not be detected at the ends of the groove.
The ribbed grooves 112 of Figure 4a can be designed to taper from one point along the middle to a second point. It is generally desirable to make this taper substantially conserve the radius of peaks 115 and 119 of the streak.
Referring now to Figure 4b, the ribbed means 120 includes a ribbed blade 122 provided between faceting blades 121 and 123. The ribbed blade 122 includes at least 2 ridges 128 and 129 between adjacent peaks 124 and 125. Along length D2 , the medium 122 includes 4 ridges 128 and 129. A single length of the middle period can include four ridges. It should be understood that the ridges 128 and 129 are not the peaks 124, 125 or 126 that can be termed as the faceting means peaks. The medium 122 can be provided so that, between adjacent peaks (e.g., peaks 125 and 126), there are two ridges 128 and 129. Again, a repeat pattern can be provided. In the repetition pattern shown in Figure 4b, there are two ridges between each adjacent peak and there are four ridges provided in each period. In an alternative repeat pattern, there can be any number (for example, 0, 1 or 2) of ridges between adjacent peaks as long as the repeat pattern includes the occurrence of at least one ridge between adjacent peaks somewhere in the pattern. In a preferred embodiment shown in Figure 4b, there are two ridges between each adjacent peak.
Ridge 128 can be characterized as the area where a relatively flat portion of the striated medium 128a joins a relatively steeper portion of the striated medium 128b. In general, the relatively flatter portion of the striated medium 128a can be characterized so that it has an angle of less than 45 ° and preferably less than about 30 °, where the angle is measured between the ridge 128 and the crest 129. The relatively steeper portion of the striated medium 128b can be characterized so that it has an angle of more than 45Q and preferably so that it has more than 60Q, where the angle is measured from the peak 126 to the ridge 128. The ridge 129 can be provided as a result of the intersection of the relatively flatter portion of the striated medium 129a and the relatively steeper portion of the striated medium 129b. In general, the relatively flatter portion of the striated medium 129a corresponds to the angle of the portion of the medium that extends from the crest 128 to the crest 129. In general, the relatively flatter portion of the striated medium 129a can be characterized so that has a slope of less than 45Q and, preferably, less than about 30Q. The relatively steeper portion of the striated medium 129b can be characterized as that portion of the striated medium that extends between ridge 129 and peak 125 and can be characterized so that it has an angle between ridge 129 and peak 125. In general , the relatively steeper portion of the striated medium 129b can be characterized so that it has an angle of more than 45 ° and, preferably, greater than about 60 °.
The splined blade grooves 122 of Figure 4b can be designed to taper from one point along the middle to a second point. It is generally desirable to make this taper substantially conserve the radius of peak 125 of the streak. This radius can be conserved, for example, by making the relatively flatter portions of the striated medium 128a and 129a effectively move up and down as the medium tapers, while the relatively steep portions 128b become longer and longer. short to create a tapered streak. Such shortening of the steep portions 128b can alter the cross-sectional area of the stria, as it conserves the stripe width D1 and conserves the acute peak 125.
Referring now to Figure 4c, the splined medium 140 includes a splined blade 142 provided between faceting blades 141 and 143. The splined blade 142 includes at least two ridges 148 and 149 between the inner peak 144 and the outer peak 145. along length D2, medium 140 includes four ridges 148 and 149. A single length of the medium period can include four ridges. It should be understood that ridges 148 and 149 are not peaks 144 and 145. Medium 140 can be provided so that, between adjacent peaks (for example, peaks 144 and 145), there are two ridges 148 and 149. In addition, the splined blade 140 can be provided so that, among other adjacent peaks, there is a ridge, two rests or no ridge. There is no requirement that, between each adjacent peak, there are two ridges. There may be an absence of ridges between peaks if it is desirable to have the presence of alternating ridges or provided at predetermined intervals between adjacent peaks. In general, a streak pattern can be provided, in which the streak pattern is repeated and includes the presence of ridges between adjacent peaks.
The ridges 148 and 149 can be characterized as the areas where a relatively flatter portion of the splined blade joins a relatively steeper portion of the splined blade. In the case of the ridge 148, a relatively flatter portion of the fluted blade 148a joins a relatively steeper portion of the fluted blade 148b. In the case of the ridge 149, a relatively flatter portion of the fluted blade 149a joins a relatively steeper portion of the fluted blade 149b. The relatively steeper portion of the striated medium can be characterized so that it has an angle of more than 45 ° and, preferably, greater than about 60 ° when measured with respect to that portion of the medium relative to the faceting blade 143. The portion relatively flatter can be characterized so that it has an inclination of less than 45 ° and, preferably, less than about 30 ° for that portion of the medium relative to the faceting blade 143.
The splined blade streaks 142 of Figure 4c can be designed to taper from one point along the middle to a second point. It is generally desirable to make this taper substantially conserve the radius of peak 145 in the streak. This radius can be conserved, for example, by making portions 148b and 149b of the striated medium to move effectively sideways (in and out) to create a tapered streak. Such a movement can change the cross-sectional area of the groove, as it conserves the groove width D1 and preserves the peak 145. Therefore, the relatively flatter portion 149a will become longer and shorter along the groove and the length of the portions steep 148b and 149b will move in and out (left and right in Figure 4b). It will be noted, as stated above, that, in some deployments, the flat portions sloping along the peaks moving inward and downward as the streak cross-sectional area decreases.
The fluted blade 142 can be considered more advantageous for preparation compared to the fluted blade 122 due to the fact that the angle of involvement of the fluted blade 142 may be smaller than the angle of involvement of the fluted blade 122. In general, the angle of wrapping refers to the sum of angles resulting from middle turns during the streaking stage. In the case of the striated medium 142, the medium is less rotated during the striation when compared to the striated medium 122. As a result, through striation, to form the striated blade 142, the required tensile strength of the medium is lower when compared to ribbed blade 122. This smaller wrap angle can be particularly important for the tapered medium, making the ribbed blade 142 of Figure 4C particularly well suited for tapering.
The ribbed blades 112, 122, and 142 are shown to be relatively symmetrical from peak to peak. That is, for the middle 112, 122 and 142, the streaks are repeated with the same number of ridges between the adjacent peaks. Adjacent peaks refer to peaks next to each other over a length of striated medium. For example, for striated medium 112, peaks 114 and 115 are considered adjacent peaks, and peaks 114 and 116 can be considered adjacent peaks on the same side. A half period, however, does not need to have the same number of ridges between adjacent peaks, and the middle can be characterized as asymmetric in this way. That is, the medium can be prepared so that it has a ridge in one half of the period and so that it does not have a ridge in the other half of the period.
By providing a single ridge or multiple ridges between adjacent peaks of the striated medium, the distance D2 can be increased from the prior art medium as standard streaks A and B. As a result of the presence of a ridge or a plurality of ridges, it is It is possible to provide a filtration medium that has more medium available for filtration when compared to, for example, standard A and striations B. The previously described half-string percentage measurement can be used to characterize the amount of medium provided between the peaks adjacent. The length D2 is defined as the length of the fluted blade 112, 122 and 142 for a period of the fluted blade 112, 122, and 142. In the case of the fluted blade 112, the distance D2 is the length of the fluted blade from the bottom peak 114 for the lower peak 116. This distance includes two ridges 118. In the case of the splined blade 122, the length D2 is the distance from the splined blade 122 from the lower peak 124 to the lower peak 126. This distance includes at least four ridges 128 and 129. The existence of an increased filtration medium between adjacent peaks as a result of providing one or more creases between adjacent peaks can be characterized by the percentage of half-rope. As previously discussed, standard striations B and standard striations A have a half-rope percentage of about 3.6% and about 6.3%, respectively. In general, low-contact grooves, such as the groove design shown in Figure 4a, can exhibit a half-rope percentage of about 6.2% to about 8.2%. Low-stretch grooves, like the groove designs shown in Figures 4b and 4c, can provide a half-rope percentage of about 7.0% to about 16%.
Another advantage of providing the presence of the ridges (for example, 118, 128 and 129) is that these ridges help to reduce stress in the medium to provide a smaller area of masking at the peaks. In general, without the ridges being formed during the streaking process, a greater amount of tension or memory in the middle can cause the peaks to exhibit a greater level of masking. By inserting the ridges into the filtration medium while streaking the filtration medium, it becomes easier to create and assist in maintaining a relatively low radius for the peaks in order to reduce masking.
Referring now to Figure 5, an exemplary process for forming the striated medium and the only facetting medium is shown through a schematic representation in reference numeral 198. In this schematic representation, the medium 200 is striated to form the striated medium. 202. The striated means 202 can be combined with the facing means 204 to form the only faceting means 203.
Medium 200 runs through guide rollers 208 and is directed to a desired or correct position as a result of targeting unit 210. A heater 212 can be provided to heat medium 200 to a desired temperature. In general, it may be desirable to heat the medium 200 to prevent cracking as a result of the streaking process. It should be understood that it is not necessary to use a heater. In addition, a unit can be used to control the humidity of the water content of the medium 200. The humidity control unit can be used in place of or in combination with heater 212. Heater 212 can be provided to heat the medium 200 to a temperature of about 48 ° C (120 ° F) to about 65 ° C (150 ° F).
The medium 200 enters the spline cylinders 220 to provide the spline medium 202. The spline cylinders 220 include a first cylinder 222 and a second cylinder 224. The first cylinder 222 can be termed with a minting cylinder, and the second 224 can be termed with a receiving cylinder. A first pressure cylinder 226 and a second pressure cylinder 228 are additionally included as part of the spline cylinders 220. For the orientation of the shown spline cylinders 220, the minting cylinder 222 can be referred to as the upper cylinder, and the cylinder receiver 224 can be termed as the lower cylinder. Of course, this orientation can be reversed, if desired. As the medium 200 enters the bite 230 between the minting cylinder 222 and the receiving cylinder 224, the medium 200 is deformed to provide the ribbed means 202 which has a streak pattern with a desired shape. In the arrangement of the ribbed cylinders 220 shown, the means 200 travels in the machine direction, and the minting cylinder 222 and the receiving cylinder 224 extend in the transverse direction so that the ribs extend in the transverse direction. The transverse direction refers to a direction transverse to the machine direction. The arrow along the middle 200 shows the machine direction. Although the groove cylinders 220 shown provide grooves that extend in the transverse direction, it should be understood that alternative arrangements can be provided for the grooves to extend in the machine direction.
Faceting means 204 runs through guide rollers 240. A guiding unit 242 directs faceting means 204 over first pressure cylinder 226. An adhesion microsphere can be applied to faceting means 204 in the microsphere applicator of adhesion 244, and the sealing microsphere can be applied to the faceting medium 204 in the sealing microsphere applicator 246. The splined medium 202 and the faceting medium 204 join where the first pressure cylinder 226 engages with the receiving cylinder 224 A second pressure cylinder 228 is provided to retain the striated means 202 to the faceting means 204. The resulting single faceting means 203 can be used to provide a construction of the filter means.
Referring now to Figures 6 to 8, a first cylinder or minting cylinder is shown at reference numeral 250. The minting cylinder 250 can be used as the minting cylinder 222 on the groove cylinders 220 shown in Figure 5. The first cylinder 250 rotates about a geometry axis 252, and includes an outer surface or circumference 254 which, when combined with the receiving cylinder or wheel 224, provides the striation of the filtration medium. The minting cylinder 222 may include an inner surface 256 on which the minting cylinder 222 can be mounted. The outer surface 254 includes a plurality of projections of the minting cylinder 258. Figure 6 shows only a portion of the projections of the minting cylinder 258 that extend around the circumference of the minting cylinder 250. The minting cylinder 250 may include about from 30 to about 650 projections of the minting cylinder 258 spaced around the outer surface or circumference 254. It should be understood that the number of projections of the minting cylinder 258 provided on the minting cylinder 250 can be provided depending on the diameter of the cylinder and the desired pitch or distance from peak to peak between each projection of the minting cylinder. For example, a coinage cylinder may have a minimum diameter of about 11.43 cm (4.5 inches) and a maximum diameter of about 101.6 cm (40 inches).
Details of the projections of the minting cylinder 258 are shown in Figures 7 and 8. The projections of the minting cylinder 258 shown include three contact areas of medium 260 that are provided to engage the medium that enters the bite 230. Although the projections of the coinage cylinder 258 are shown so that they have three medium contact areas 260, the projections of the coinage cylinder can be provided so that they have two medium contact areas in at least one embodiment. As pictured, one of the contact areas of medium 260 can be termed as a peak contact area 262, and two of the contact areas of medium 260 can be termed as the first and second ridge contact areas 264 and 266. A peak contact area 262 can be provided to form peak 115, and the first and second ridge contact areas 264 and 266 can provide the ridges 118 for the striated medium shown in Figure 4a. In some deployments, the contact areas of medium 260 may be present on both the first and second cylinders.
A first relaxation area of the medium 270 can be provided between the peak contact area 262 and the first crest contact area 264, and a second relaxation area of the medium 272 can be provided between the peak contact area 260 and the second ridge contact area 266. In general, the first and second relaxation areas of the medium 270, 272 are defined by the distance between the projections of the coinage cylinder that are greater than the thickness of the medium. The first relaxation area of the middle 270 and the second relaxation area of the middle 272 provide the medium with freedom of movement between the peak contact area 262 and the first and second ridge contact areas 264 and 266. By providing the areas relaxation medium, it is possible for the filtration medium to move and thus relieve stress in the medium. As the cylinders rotate and the medium is fed into the bite 230, the filtration medium can avoid being subjected to undue strain as a result of the presence of the relaxation areas of the medium, and can prevent tearing.
The contact areas of medium 260 are provided for engaging and turning the medium, however, they should not have a radius that is too small to cut the medium. In general, the medium contact areas can have a radius of at least about 0.254 mm (0.01 inch). The radius of the contact areas can be about one third the height of the streak J. In general, it is desirable to provide a crease, flexion or fold in the middle, however, it is not desirable to cut the medium as a result of striation. The upper limit of the radius of the contact areas of medium 260 can be characterized as a radius that results in a contact area of the medium that fails to provide the desired degree of rotation of the medium so that the medium tends to return to its original flat shape . It is desirable for the medium to become deformed as a result of being fed to the bite between the first and second cylinders.
If the contact area of the medium is very large (it has a radius that is very large), then the desired splined blade cannot be obtained. The contact areas of medium 260 can be termed as contact points. The relaxation areas in the middle can be called spans. In general, it is desirable for the filtration medium to be able to move in the relaxation areas of the medium in order to reduce or relieve the stress in the medium that results from turning the medium as a result of contact with the medium contact area 260. The overall length of the relaxation area or gap is the distance between the medium contact areas, or points of contact. In one embodiment, the relaxation area is at least greater than about 25% of the streak's arc length.
The minting cylinder 250 includes a series of minting cylinder recesses 276 provided between the groove projections 258. In general, the minting cylinder recesses 276 allow the formation of the middle peaks 114 and 116 shown in Figure 4. of the minting cylinder 276 can be found between each of the projections of the minting cylinder 258. In addition, the recesses of the minting cylinder 276 include a lower contact area 278 that receives or establishes contact with the medium. In general, the area of the cylinder extending from the lower contact area 278 to the first ridge contact area 264 can be termed as the first relaxation area of the middle 280, and the area of the cylinder extending from the area bottom recess 278 for the second ridge contact area 266 can be termed as the second relaxation area of the medium 282. In general, the first relaxation area of the medium 280 and the second relaxation area of the medium 282 are provided so that the environment has a degree of freedom of movement in these areas.
Referring now to Figures 9 to 11, a second cylinder or receiving cylinder is shown at reference numeral 290. The receiving cylinder 290 may be the receiving cylinder 224 shown in the groove cylinders 220 of Figure 5. The receiving cylinder 290 rotates as around a geometry axis 292, and includes an outer surface or circumference 294 and an inner surface 297. The receiving cylinder 290 can be supported by the inner surface 297. The outer surface 294 includes a plurality of recesses in the receiving cylinder 296 and projections of the cylinder receiver 298. In general, receiver cylinder 290 includes an outer surface 294 that has recesses in receiver cylinder 296 and alternating projections of receiver cylinder 298.
The recesses of the receiving cylinder 296 include contact areas 300. Contact areas 300 can be referred to as peak contact area 302 and first and second ridge contact areas 304 and 306. A first relaxation area of medium 308 can be provided so that it extends between the peak contact area 302 and the first peak contact area 304. A second relaxation area of the medium 310 can be provided so that it extends between the first peak contact area 302 and the second ridge contact area 306. The relaxation areas of the medium 308 and 310 are provided to allow the medium to move during the streaking process. The projections of the receiving cylinder 298 include contact areas of medium 320. In addition, the receiving cylinder 290 includes a first relaxation area of medium 322 provided so that it extends between the first contact area of ridge 304 and the contact area of the medium 320, and a second relaxation area of medium 324 which extends between the second ridge contact area 306 and the contact areas of medium 320.
In a conventional corrugation process, a substrate is corrugated as a result of the movement of the substrate into a bite between two cylinders or wheels, in which each cylinder or wheel has teeth and recesses, with the teeth on a wheel being engage the recesses on the other wheel and aim versa. The teeth and recesses in the cylinders or wheels, in a conventional corrugation process, can be relatively symmetrical so that a relatively symmetrical corrugation is obtained. In contrast, cylinders 250 and 290 can be considered to have teeth and recesses that are not symmetrical.
The minting cylinder 250 has projections of the minting cylinder 258 that can be considered as a form of teeth, and recesses of the minting cylinder 276 that can be considered as a form of recess. Similarly, the receiving cylinder 290 includes recesses of the receiving cylinder 296 that can be considered as a type of recess, and projections of the receiving cylinder 298 that can be considered as a type of teeth. During operation, the projections of the minting cylinder 258 engage the recesses of the receiving cylinder 298, and the projections of the receiving cylinder 298 engage with the recesses of the minting cylinder 276. This operation is illustrated in Figure 12 in which a minting cylinder 250 and a receiving cylinder 290 engage with filtration means 310 to create striated filtration means 312.
In a conventional corrugation process, such as a corrugation process used to form grooves A and grooves B, the corrugation cylinders can be considered relatively symmetrical. Relatively symmetrical cylinders are cylinders in which one cylinder (for example, the upper cylinder) has teeth and recesses that are similar to the teeth and recesses in the other cylinder (for example, the lower cylinder). Due to the fact that the cylinders, in a conventional corrugation process, are symmetrical, the resulting grooves are generally symmetrical. By providing cylinders that are asymmetric, the performance of the resulting filtration medium can be improved. The minting cylinder 250 and the receiving cylinder 290 can be considered asymmetrical in relation to the structure of the projections or teeth and the recesses. Although the minting cylinder 250 and the receiving cylinder 290 can be considered symmetrical in relation to a length of the period, the structure of the projections and recesses are different in the two cylinders and, therefore, the cylinders can be considered asymmetric. In a variety of embodiments, the corrugating cylinders are configured in such a way that the resulting medium has an arc length substantially equal to the length of the medium. Such a configuration can reduce the stretch exerted on the medium during manufacture.
It must be understood that the terms "minting cylinder" and "receiving cylinder" are relatively arbitrary. It is the combination of the minting cylinder and the receiving cylinder that provides the presence of ridges along at least a portion of the groove length. Consequently, by providing both cylinders with medium contact areas that engage the filtration medium on opposite sides of the filtration medium to create a crest or crease or fold, it is the combined effort of the cylinders that creates the repetition pattern of striations in the filtration medium. Furthermore, by characterizing the cylinders as a minting cylinder, it is not intended to exclude the possibility that the other cylinder (for example, the receiving cylinder) has projections that engage the recesses in the minting cylinder to create ridges, folds or creases in the middle of filtration. For example, characterizing the first cylinder as having a plurality of projections of the first cylinder does not mean that the projections of the first cylinder extend over the entire length of the cylinder. It may be desirable to have the projections of the first cylinder extend only a length of the cylinder. In addition, any of the recesses of the first cylinder, the projections of the second cylinder and the recesses of the second cylinder can extend over a portion of the cylinder that is less than the entire length of the cylinder. For exemplary purposes, the projections and recesses may extend over a length of the cylinder corresponding to at least 30% of the groove length, at least 50% of the groove length, at least 10% 60% of the groove length, at least 80% the length of the groove or the entire length of the groove.
The above specification provides a complete description of manufacture and use in accordance with the present invention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be carried out without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention is covered by the appended claims.

权利要求:
Claims (13)
[0001]
1. Apparatus for forming striated media (12, 112, 120, 140, 142, 202) FEATURED for comprising: (a) a first cylinder (222, 250) comprising a plurality of projections (258) of the first cylinder (222, 250) and a plurality of recesses (276) of the first cylinder (222, 250) in which the first cylinder (222, 250) alternately provides projections (258) of the first cylinder (222, 250) and recesses (276) of the first cylinder (222, 250), and in which at least one of the projections (258) of the first cylinder (222, 250) comprises at least two areas of medium contact (260, 320) separated by a relaxation area of medium (270, 308, 310); and (b) a second cylinder (224) comprising a plurality of recesses (276) of the second cylinder (224) and projections (258) of the second cylinder (224), wherein the second cylinder (224) alternately supplies recesses (276 ) of the second cylinder (224) and projections (258) of the second cylinder (224); and (c) the projections (258) of the first cylinder (222, 250), the recesses (276) of the first cylinder (222, 250), the recesses (276) of the second cylinder (224) and the projections (258) of the second cylinder (224) are constructed to interact to provide a bite (230) which, when the filter medium (310) passes through the bite (230), provides the filter medium (310) with a repetitive pattern of grooves in which the repetition pattern of the stretch marks comprises a tapered transverse area; wherein the middle contact areas (260, 320) of the first cylinder (222, 250) comprise a peak contact area (262, 302) configured to form an acute peak (125) in the striated medium (12, 112, 120, 140, 142, 202) and a ridge contact area (264, 266, 304, 306) configured to form a ridge (118, 128, 129, 148, 149) in the striated medium (12, 112, 120, 140, 142, 202), the peak being the highest point of the stria and the ridge (118, 128, 129, 148, 149) having a height less than the height of the peak, the peak contact area ( 262, 302) and the ridge contact area (264, 266, 304, 306) providing a coining force between the projections (258) of the second cylinder (224) on the second cylinder (224); and wherein the medium relaxation area (270, 308, 310) of the first cylinder (222, 250) is defined by the distance between the medium contact areas (260, 320) having an interval between the first and the second cylinder (222, 224, 250) which is greater than the thickness of the medium to be striated.
[0002]
2. Apparatus, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the projections (258) of the first cylinder (222, 250), the recesses (276) of the first cylinder (222, 250), the recesses (276) of the second cylinder (224) and projections (258) of the second cylinder (224) are constructed to interact to provide a bite (230) which, when the filter medium (310) passes through the bite (230), provides the filtration (310) a repetitive streak pattern, each streak comprising at least one peak, the repetitive streak pattern comprising at least one streak with at least two ridges (118, 128, 129, 148, 149) provided in a streaking period between peaks (114, 115, 124, 125, 144, 145) on the same adjacent side.
[0003]
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least one of the projections (258) of the first cylinder (222, 250) comprises at least three areas of medium contact (260, 320) separated from each other by medium relaxation areas (270, 308, 310).
[0004]
4. Apparatus according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least one of the recesses (276) of the second cylinder (224) includes at least two areas of medium contact (260, 320) separated by a relaxation area of medium (270, 308, 310).
[0005]
5. Apparatus according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least one of the recesses (276) of the second cylinder (224) includes at least three areas of medium contact (260, 320) separated from each other by areas relaxation medium (270, 308, 310).
[0006]
6. Apparatus according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the apparatus is configured to form a ridge (118, 128, 129, 148, 149) in the filtration medium (310) as a result of the compression between a first area cylinder projection medium contact (260, 320) (258) and a second cylinder recess medium contact area (260, 320) (276).
[0007]
7. Apparatus according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the recesses (276) and projections (258) of the first cylinder (222, 250) and the recesses (276) and projections (258) of the second cylinder (224 ) are arranged to result in equal arc lengths along the length of the striated medium (12, 112, 120, 140, 142, 202) formed using the apparatus.
[0008]
8. Apparatus according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the first cylinder (222, 250) and the second cylinder (224) are built to compress the filter media (310) between the first contact areas of the medium (260, 320) of cylinder projection (258) and the second contact areas of means (260, 320) of cylinder recess (276).
[0009]
9. Apparatus, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the first cylinder (222, 250) comprises 30 to 650 projections (258) of the first cylinder (222, 250) and 30 to 650 recesses (276) of the first cylinder (222, 250), where the first cylinder (222, 250) provides projections (258) of the first cylinder (222, 250) and recesses (276) of the first cylinder (222, 250) and where the projections (258) of the first cylinder (222, 250) comprise at least three areas of medium contact (260, 320) separated from each other by relaxation areas of medium (270, 308, 310).
[0010]
10. Apparatus according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the second cylinder (224) comprises 30 to 650 projections (258) of the second cylinder (224) and 30 to 650 recesses (276) of the second cylinder (224) ), where the second cylinder (224) provides alternating projections (258) of the second cylinder (224) and recesses (276) of the second cylinder (224) and where the recesses (276) of the second cylinder (224) comprise at least three medium contact areas (260, 320) separated from each other by the medium relaxation areas (270, 308, 310).
[0011]
11. Apparatus according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the medium relaxation area (270, 308, 310) is constructed to allow the filtration medium (310) to move in relation to the first cylinder (222 , 250), when the filter medium (310) passes through the bite (230).
[0012]
12. Apparatus according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the medium relaxation area (270, 308, 310) comprises at least 25 percent of the medium length of a medium contact area (260, 320 ) forming a first streak peak for a medium contact area (260, 320) forming a second streak peak.
[0013]
13. Apparatus according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the medium relaxation areas (270, 308, 310) allow the medium to move during the streak formation process.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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EP2461884B1|2019-11-06|

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CN102481501B|2016-10-12|

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JP6518085B2|2019-05-22|

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CN102481501A|2012-05-30|

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MX2012001455A|2012-05-08|

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JP2015131299A|2015-07-23|

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BR112012002409A2|2018-03-13|

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JP2013500863A|2013-01-10|

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JP5711230B2|2015-04-30|

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JP6490777B2|2019-03-27|

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EP2461884A4|2013-02-13|

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JP2018086645A|2018-06-07|

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法律状态:
2018-04-10| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|

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2018-11-06| B06T| Formal requirements before examination|Free format text: O DEPOSITANTE DEVE RESPONDER A EXIGENCIA FORMULADA NESTE PARECER POR MEIO DO SERVICO DE CODIGO 206 EM ATE 60 (SESSENTA) DIAS, A PARTIR DA DATA DE PUBLICACAO NA RPI, SOB PENA DO ARQUIVAMENTO DO PEDIDO, DE ACORDO COM O ART. 34 DA LPI.PUBLIQUE-SE A EXIGENCIA (6.20). |

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2019-01-22| B06G| Technical and formal requirements: other requirements|Free format text: CONFORME A IN INPI/DIRPA NO 03 DE 30/09/2016, O DEPOSITANTE DEVERA COMPLEMENTAR A RETRIBUICAO RELATIVA AO PEDIDO DE EXAME DO PRESENTE PEDIDO, DE ACORDO COM TABELA VIGENTE, REFERENTE A(S) GUIA(S) DE RECOLHIMENTO 0000921305598953 (PETICAO 800130157165, DE 05/08/2013). |

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2019-03-26| B06I| Technical and formal requirements: publication cancelled|Free format text: ANULADA A PUBLICACAO CODIGO 6.7 NA RPI NO 2507 DE 22/01/2019 POR TER SIDO INDEVIDA. |

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2020-02-04| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|

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2020-06-02| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|

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2020-11-10| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 10 (DEZ) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 10/11/2020, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US23100909P| true| 2009-08-03|2009-08-03|

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US61/231,009|2009-08-03|

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PCT/US2010/044286|WO2011017352A2|2009-08-03|2010-08-03|Method and apparatus for forming fluted filtration media having tapered flutes|

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